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Sousou no Frieren #28 – Direction Notes

It’s nothing new how incredibly polished and consistent Sousou no Frieren has been all the way since its first few episodes, so it’s to no one’s surprise that the last episode of this ambitious two consecutive cours project was remarkably good as well, to the point it might seem redundant or even effortless to write about it. And that might really be the case, actually, but I think that encapsulating the core values and themes of this entire adaptation (and story) in 24 minutes of animation to conclude a majestic 28 episodes long journey was no simple feat, and yet it was surely achieved in the best possible fashion, so much so that it does, indeed, deserve to be written about.

That being said, I’m in no way qualified to write a full-fledged review of Frieren‘s 28th episode, and any attempt to do so will most likely result in a pretentious mess of an article. So, instead of doing that, in this article I’ll be focusing on what caught my attention the most while watching the episode for the first time: Keiichirou Saitou‘s storyboard.

While I’m yet too unexperienced to write about one’s “style”, I can definitely provide some of my insights on certain scenes and shots and what tools they use to convey specific feelings or ideas in a visual way.

One of the aspect where Frieren shines the most, especially when it comes to this anime adaptation, is certainly the characterization of the space around the characters, with special attention to how and where they’re are placed and framed.
Frieren‘s world needs to be perceived as alive and dynamic, even outside of the character’s perspective; time passes and leaves its marks even if we’re not there to see it. In short, the space where the characters move in is not just a static, background entity, rather, it has an actual presence and a distinctive role which needs to be portrayed visually as well.
And it’s these almost contemplative shots, where the characters are immersed and engulfed in what’s around them instead of being the bigger presence in the frame themselves, that convey this idea so subtly. Suddenly they’re not the focus anymore, and are instead just one of the tiny elements of this grater, larger world, simply acting inside of it as many others are.

There are many other shots that rely on this kind of subtle and clever framing throughout the episode, highlighting, and more importantly embedding in it, this core theme of space.

Balancing the presence of the characters and the background in a frame is not the only interesting aspect of it, the (visual) relation between the characters and the background elements around them has a lot to tell for itself as well.

For example, just a quick glance at this frame will immediately make clear whose vision on magic has been more flourishing over the years; which great mage has put the most effort in understanding humanity, between Frieren and Serie. Framing the two of them at such an angle that the flowerbed appears bigger and thicker on Frieren‘s side and thinner on Serie‘s.

Before moving on to the next section, let’s stick with “space” for a bit and talk about another scene that caught my attention: Frieren‘s and Lenren‘s confrontation. Or rather, the moments before their actual confrontation.

Space is not only about the physical distance or placement of characters and elements in the background, but can as well be used to describe and portray the figurative distance between characters’s minds and feelings. This scene does a particularly good job at that, with some very clever storyboard at play.
The feeling of uneasiness (or that at least something not good is about to happen) is already present from the moment Lenren appears (aided by the dialogue he had with Serie in the previous episode), but the almost jarring close-up shots on the eyes of the two characters certainly help escalating the ominous tone of the scene.
Midway through their dialogue, the entire space in the frame is suddenly filled up with the eyes of Frieren first and Lenren second, cutting out everything else that was previously present in the frame; an intimate shot that abruptly nullifies the distance between us and the character’s true feelings and emotion in that moment, and in doing so also cuts Stark out of the scene (there’s no close-up eye shot of his), since he cannot see nor feel what the two mages are really seeing.

Space is a recurring theme in the whole series, but it’s definitely not the only one, and even more definitely, not the main one. The one topic that has been extensively present throughout Frieren as a whole, being the major thematic element of the story, is of course, time. The passage of time and its outcomes, to be precise.

Saitou has already proven his ability to impactfully portray this concept in the previous episodes he storyboarded (look no further than the very first episode of the series), so it’s only natural for it to shine in this last episode as well.
What I particularly liked about episode 28 though, is how seamless and dynamic the transitions between present and past were.

Although it was really well done, featuring an especially great art direction (which already is a major strength of Frieren‘s production as a whole), I’m leaving Wirbel‘s backstory aside to focus the attention on two specific scenes, one of which has got to be one of the best and most creative transitions I’ve seen in recent memory.

Using a simple physical movement to transition between both space and time sounds like a really clever and compelling idea, and it really is clever and compelling even in practice. Initiating the transition to a flashback, so a “movement in time”, with an actual “movement in space” with Frieren jumping down the wall she landed on, transferring her momentum to a snappy cut to the actual flashback as her boot touches the ground, is one of those little touches that prove how deeply refined this show is even in small details; the effort to design such an interesting way to transition to a flashback instead of relying on more conventional methods (let’s say, for example, a simple fade-in) conveys nothing but a heartfelt passion towards both the source material and the medium of animation.

Comparison between the two frames where the transition happens


Moving on to a more proper representation of the passage of time, the last scene before the credits start rolling is the perfect example.
We’ve certainly seen something like this many times before throughout the previous episodes (especially in the first cour), but a parallel between the present and the past for Frieren is the utmost perfect way to end this series, both thematically (or course) and as its “visual identity”.

When I said “seamless transition” before, this is exactly what I was talking about; the immersion of Frieren as she recalls her memories is beautifully portrayed as the background transitions to the one where the flashback takes place, while Frieren herself is the only element on the screen that does not change. This is made even more clear with the shot of the hero’s party directly paralleling the one of Frieren, Fern and Stark of a few cuts prior. The connection between past and present is strongly present in Frieren‘s narrative as much as it is visually, showing how much (and yet, at times, how little) things have changed; these kind of parallel shots have been a recurring visual element throughout the series and are indeed very effective at depicting that.

Hearing Himmel sharing his words of wisdom for one last time feels somewhat nostalgic already, but after a quick overview on how some of the other characters are going on with their lives as the ending theme plays, we’re back to the present, where our main party sets off for a new journey.


It’s gonna be hard to fill the gap Sousou no Frieren left in my weekly anime consumption, but at least its final episode was truly remarkable as much as the whole series was, encapsulating all its core elements on both a thematic and visual perspective. Really a delightful journey, packed with soul and passion, like we haven’t experienced in a while, but let’s keep this goodbye quick, since as Himmel said, it would be embarrassing when we (if ever) get to meet again.

Kusuriya no Hitorigoto #17 #18 #19 – Direction Notes

We’re back in the Imperial Court, following yet again another day in Maomao‘s daily life as Jinshi‘s maidservant, and a new task awaits our quirky main character: putting her make-up knowledge on the line to make her master look unrecognizable.

Such a direct focus on the character’s looks for this episode surely requires special attention to the quality of the drawings, in order to make the most out of the character models to serve the story’s needs to make Jinshi look like a totally different person. That’s reflected in the very good corrections and animation direction work (especially in the A Part) that’s caught my eye while first watching Kusuriya no Hitorigoto‘s Episode #17.

Episode #17 – Jinshi & Maomao

As Miss Maomao and servant Jishi walk out of the Imperial Court together, the episodes goes on with some amusing dialogues and character interactions (it was pretty funny to see Jinshi all excited to play a role opposite to his usual one) until we ultimately reach the Red Light District. This is where things start to regain their intensity, as Jinshi starts to ask his highly unpleasant questions for someone who’s lived most of her life in a renowned brothel, Maomao‘s demeanor changes completely (followed by a close up shot of her sharp eyes, for the first time throughout this episode), and so does the lightning of the scene, since we’re now almost past twilight.

A very cleverly storyboarded sequence follows, with Maomao ably building up her answer, describing what it is that gives value to a courtesan.

As the desired answer finally comes out of her mouth, the feeling that pieces are slowly falling into place exactly how he didn’t want them to is beautifully portrayed by the absence of sound (and, for that matter, of people in the background, as both Maomao and Jinshi are now completely alone, detached from the blurred-out background) and the last, unsettling shot with its very expressive use of negative space to end the episode.

Episode #17 – Last shot

Following the return to the Red Light District, Episode #18 starts off exactly where we left last episode, and after separating two character’s path for the day, it shifts into a beautifully eerie dream sequence, abruptly closed off, to set the mood for today’s story.

We then follow Maomao dealing with the daily chores of someone who just got back home after a while, and as the welcoming mood of the Verdigris House starts to fade, we’re greeted with what perhaps is, in terms of creativity and expressiveness, one of the best sequences in the entire show so far.
The color design is certainly the highlight of this flashback sequence on the mysterious woman in the annex, who Maomao is taking care of; dim blue tones are used to set the main motive of the scene, conveying the idea of a cold, sad memory (together with the heavy rain outside as Luomen enters the building) and red is once again used as the sole accent color, to highlight the courtesan’s make-up as well as the marks of her illness – the Red Light District being the cause of both.

For Maomao, immersed in this memory of the past, the Verdigris House is also a familiar and warm place, and it’s indeed thanks to her big sisters inviting her in for a hot bath (where she is now actually immersed, this time in water) that she’s able to come to terms with it (at least for the time being), and the mood enlightens once again.

Episode #18 – Maomao in the annex

We’re now back in the Outer Palace, where the plot starts moving again, in the form of our main characters’s thinking about each other, Maomao with her inner monologue – truly the “Kusuriya no Hitorigoto” – and Jinshi, with his exchange with Gaoshun, all connected by nothing other than the mysteries surrounding the maidservant’s (adoptive) father.

It’s in this moment that Lakan makes his (unpleasant) appearance once again in Jinshi‘s office, and the sense of oppression and uneasiness that his presence brings along is, once again, visually conveyed via low-angled shots.
The episode is then brought to an end with Jinshi notifying Maomao that a certain someone is interested in seeing her, and the delivery of her reaction to this irksome news is unsettling to say the least: a great and well-thought use of time, paired with the striking contrast between a very open and two very close-up shots of Maomao makes us jolt as much as Jinshi. There’s no need for words at all for him to understand her answer to that invitation.

Moving on to last week’s episode, Episode #19, after an intro that focuses on Jinshi‘s feelings on what happened the day before, we’re back following Maomao in her mystery-solving journey inside the Outer Palace; the mood seems to be back to an overall lighter state, even though it’s not gonna last long as Maomao‘s ruminations seem to indicate, but her worrisome exchange with Lihaku is abruptly interrupted by a jealous Jinshi and, right afterwards, by another gag that sees our apothecary totally losing her composure at the offer of receiving some prestigious Ox Bezoar as a reward for further investigating the concerning matters she was talking about earlier. Her excitement is so overwhelming and overflowing that she gets gradually closer to the camera until a close-up shot on her face takes up the entire frame.

Back to a more serious tone, the location also changes and Maomao‘s now consulting official reports about incidents that have occurred in the Court.
I really enjoyed the visual presentation of her thoughts being put together while she’s gazing at the technical drawings on the paper; at first, it’s a simple shot of the scroll spread out on the table, but as we dive deeper into Maomao‘s thinking, the camera closes up more and more on the drawings, until eventually it almost physically enters the dimension of the paper, and the scenario in her mind starts to blend with the drawing themselves. A very creative and effective way of showing her immersion in her thoughts, and making us involved in it as well.

After putting together some of the pieces of the puzzle we’ve been looking at from the start of this second cour, just one more obstacle stands in Maomao‘s way: her social status as a servant in the Imperial Court. The disparity between her and the guard before the ceremonial building is patently showcased visually through some quite clever framing, not only there’s a stone pillar separating the two of them right in the middle of the frame, but her position is also lower than his, as she’s standing some steps below on the stairs.

Episode #19 – Maomao & the guard

After the guard hits her making her nose bleed and her face swallow, to make things worse (or better?) Lakan makes his appearance, and he does so in the most menacing way possible.
There’s no eye contact whatsoever between him and Maomao, his voice is enough for her to recognize him without doubt. He walks up the stairs slowly covering up Maomao‘s entire screen presence, almost like she’s being engulfed in his oppressing presence.

It’s unpleasant, but it’s thanks to him that our maidservant can finally procede into the building and successfully save the person who’s performing the ceremony, that to no one’s surprise is revealed to be none other than Jinshi.

The last cuts of him taking her unconscious body to a safe place, walking the opposite direction of where Lakan is facing, with, again, a great use of negative space and powerful visual storytelling, are a great and dramatic way to close the episode.

Episode #19 – Jinshi & Lakan

I’ve been loving this show and its clever ideas an awful lot so far, aided by the fact that I’m already a great fan of its source material to begin with. It’s been really a long time since I felt so passionate about something to the point I felt like writing about it as I’m doing right now; hopefully in the next few episodes too there will be something worth writing about.

Episode #18

Kusuriya no Hitorigoto #14 #15 #16 – Direction Notes

As one of the leftovers from the previous fall season, Kusuriya no Hitorigoto‘s second consecutive cour is now airing, adapting the second volume of the source Light Novel.

As a big fan of the series, both through Nekokurage‘s manga adaptation and the LN itself, I’m very pleased with how Lakan was subtly introduced in the past few episodes. The aura of mystery and uneasiness that surrounds his character has been portrayed in the best possible way in the B Part of Episode #15, last week’s episode.

Low camera angles, gloomy lighting and well designed and expressive framing (Maomao being figuratively “caged” in the Palace, between the lamp on the left and the pillars on the right, and Jinshi, being oppressed by Lakan‘s presence as he’s positioned at the edge of the frame, drawn at such an angle that Lakan purposefully covers Gaoshun in the background leaving just the two of them in the shot) really helped driving the point home, making this one of my favorite sequences this season so far.

Talking about visually interesting sequences, alongside with this one from Episode #15, the one at the beginning of Episode #14 definitely stands out, solemnly showcasing the entrance of the new consort in the Inner Palace, highlighting just the red color on (and around) her figure, and desaturating the other tones to accentuate her pretentious attitude. A brilliant way to achieve visually-expressive storytelling with rather simple means.

Moving on to this week’s Episode #16, much like its predecessors, it covered another self-contained story. The solution to this week’s mystery revolved, above all, around “light”. This show has been really effective in meticulously depicting lighting and shadows since its very first few episodes, showing great care and attention to detail; this time as well, when such detail had actually played a role in solving the mystery, the lighting of the room was indeed a major visual element throughout the whole episode, in the form of thoroughly drawn shadows and digital effects.

Another key element of this week’s episode was the relationship between father and son (or daughter), a theme this story has been carefully building up to throughout its run.


So far, a modest yet surprising and creative production, crafting week by week a solid and valuable adaptation with (a rather methodical but surely effective) vision and soul. Arguably, one of the most interesting currently airing shows, and possibly one I’m going to cover more on this blog over the next few weeks.